Chapter 1.3.

Prescribed and alternative diagnostic
tests for OIE listed diseases

NOTE

In many of the Terrestrial Code Chapters relating to specific diseases, the reader is referred to the Terrestrial Manual for information on OIE standards for the relevant diagnostic tests and vaccines.

However, some readers of the Terrestrial Code may need to know which diagnostic tests are recommended by the OIE for use in the international trade of animals or animal products, without requiring the details of how these tests should be performed.

The tables in this Chapter have been included to meet this need. These tables show, for each OIE listed diseases, the diagnostic tests which can be used when the Terrestrial Code recommends a testing procedure.

These tests should be performed according to the specifications in the Terrestrial Manual, in order to avoid any differences between the exporting and importing countries in the interpretation of results.

In the tables, the diagnostic tests have been divided into two categories - 'prescribed tests' and 'alternative tests' (a similar categorisation is made in the Terrestrial Manual). The 'prescribed tests' are those which are considered optimal for determining the health status of animals before shipment. 'Alternative tests' do not demonstrate the absence of infection in the tested animals with the same level of confidence as the prescribed tests do. However, the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission considers that an 'alternative test', chosen by mutual agreement between the importing and exporting countries, can provide valuable information for evaluating the risks of any proposed trade in animals or animal products. The disease for which the Terrestrial Code does not require any test are not included in the tables.

ABBREVIATIONS

Agent id.	Agent identification
Agg.	Agglutination test
AGID	Agar gel immunodiffusion
BBAT	Buffered Brucella antigen test
CF	Complement fixation (test)
DTH	Delayed-type hypersensitivity
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FAVN	Fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation
FPA	Fluorescence polarisation assay
HI	Haemagglutination inhibition
IFA	Indirect fluorescent antibody (test)
MAT	Microscopic agglutination test
NPLA	Neutralising peroxidase-linked assay
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
PRN	Plaque reduction neutralisation
VN	Virus neutralisation
_	No test designated yet

Terrestrial Code Chapter No.	Terrestrial Manual Chapter No.	Disease name	Prescribed tests	Alternative tests
OIE listed diseases
Multiple species
8.2.	2.1.2.	Aujeszky's disease	ELISA, VN	_
8.8.	2.1.9.	Leptospirosis	_	MAT
8.11.	2.1.13.	Rabies	VN, ELISA	_
8.10.	2.1.11.	Paratuberculosis	_	DTH, ELISA
8.6.	2.1.6.	Heartwater	_	ELISA, IFA
8.9.	2.1.10.	New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) and old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana)	_	Agent id.
8.14.	2.1.16.	Trichinellosis	Agent id.	ELISA
8.5.	2.1.5.	Foot and mouth disease	ELISA1, VN	CF
8.16.	2.1.19.	Vesicular stomatitis	CF, ELISA, VN	_
8.13.	2.1.15.	Rinderpest	ELISA	VN
8.3.	2.1.3.	Bluetongue	Agent id., AGID, ELISA, PCR	VN
8.12.	2.1.14.	Rift Valley fever	VN	HI, ELISA
8.15.	2.1.18.	Tularemia	_	Agent id.
Bovidae
11.3.	2.4.3 .	Bovine brucellosis	BBAT, CF, ELISA, FPA	_
11.5.	2.4.5.	Bovine genital campylobacteriosis	Agent id.	_
11.7.	2.4.7.	Bovine tuberculosis	Tuberculin test	Gamma interferon test
11.10.	2.4.11.	Enzootic bovine leukosis	AGID, ELISA	PCR
11.12.	2.4.13.	Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/ infectious pustular vulvovaginitis	VN, ELISA, Agent id. (semen only), PCR	_
11.15.	2.4.17.	Trichomonosis	Agent id.	Mucus agg.
11.1.	2.4.1.	Bovine anaplasmosis	_	CF, Agg. card
11.2.	2.4.2	Bovine babesiosis	_	ELISA, IFA, CF
11.14.	2.4.16.	Theileriosis	Agent id., IFA	_
11.11.	2.4.12.	Haemorrhagic septicaemia	_	Agent id.
11.13.	2.4.14.	Lumpy skin disease	_	VN
11.8.	2.4.9.	Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia	CF, ELISA	_
Ovidae and capridae
14.7.	2.7.9.	Ovine epididymitis (Brucella ovis)	CF	ELISA
14.1.	2.7.2.	Caprine and ovine brucellosis (excluding Brucella ovis)	BBAT, CF	Brucellin test, FPA
14.2.	2.7.3.	Caprine arthritis/encephalitis	AGID, ELISA	_
14.6.	2.7.4.	Maedi-visna	AGID, ELISA	_
14.4.	2.7.6.	Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia	CF	_
14.5.	2.7.7.	Enzootic abortion of ewes	_	CF
14.8.	2.7.11.	Peste des petits ruminants	VN	ELISA
14.10	2.7.14.	Sheep pox and goat pox	_	VN
Equidae
12.2.	2.5.2.	Contagious equine metritis	Agent id.	_
12.3.	2.5.3.	Dourine	CF	IFA, ELISA
12.5.	2.5.5.	Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern and Western)	_	HI, CF, PRN
12.6.	2.5.6.	Equine infectious anaemia	AGID	ELISA
12.7.	2.5.7.	Equine influenza	_	HI
12.8.	2.5.8.	Equine piroplasmosis	IFA, ELISA	CF
12.9.	2.5.9.	Equine rhinopneumonitis	_	VN
12.11.	2.5.11.	Glanders	Mallein test, CF	_
12.10.	2.5.10.	Equine viral arteritis	VN, Agent id. (semen only)	_
12.14.	2.5.14.	Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis	_	HI, CF, PRN
12.1.	2.5.1.	African horse sickness	CF, ELISA	VN, Agent id. (real time PCR)
Suidae
15.4.	2.8.5.	Porcine brucellosis	ELISA	BBAT, FPA
15.7.	2.8.11.	Transmissible gastroenteritis	_	VN, ELISA
15.5.	2.8.9.	Swine vesicular disease	VN	ELISA
15.1.	2.8.1.	African swine fever	ELISA	IFA
15.3.	2.8.3.	Classical swine fever	NPLA, FAVN, ELISA	_
Aves
10.11.	2.3.12.	Infectious bursal disease	_	AGID, ELISA
10.12.	2.3.13.	Marek's disease	_	AGID
10.5.	2.3.5.	Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)	_	Agg., HI
10.10.	2.3.11.	Fowl typhoid and Pullorum disease	_	Agg., Agent id.
10.2.	2.3.2.	Avian infectious bronchitis	_	VN, HI, ELISA
10.3.	2.3.3.	Avian infectious laryngotracheitis	_	AGID, VN, ELISA
10.4.	2.3.4.	Avian influenza	Virus isolation with pathogenicity testing	AGID, HI
10.13.	2.3.14.	Newcastle disease	_	HI
Lagomorpha
13.1.	2.6.1.	Myxomatosis	_	AGID, CF, IFA
13.2.	2.6.2.	Rabbit haemorrhagic disease	_	HI

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1. Please refer to the relevant Chapters in the Terrestrial Manual to verify which method is prescribed (this addition refers to reinstating the liquid-phase blocking ELISA as a prescribed test).